Table 1 Demographic characteristics of subjects in a cross-sectional survey in rural and urban areas of Zambia*
Demographic characteristics | Urban: n (%) | Rural: n (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | ARVs (N = 200) | HBC (N = 200) | ARVs (N = 200) | HBC (N = 200) |
Female | 129 (65) | 122 (61) | 133 (67) | 121 (61) |
Age | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   <30 | 52 (26) | 52 (26) | 33 (16) | 29 (15) |
   30.0 - 39.9 | 89 (45) | 68 (34) | 83 (42) | 85 (42) |
   40.0 - 49.9 | 44 (22) | 30 (15) | 72 (36) | 47 (23) |
   50.0 - 59.9 | 12 (6) | 32 (16) | 8 (4) | 18 (9) |
   60.0+ | 3 (2) | 18 (9) | 2 (1) | 18 (9) |
   Missing | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (1) | 3 (2) |
Marital status | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Single | 31 (16) | 28 (14) | 25 (13) | 28 (14) |
   Engaged/married | 110 (55) | 94 (47) | 106 (53) | 126 (63) |
   Widowed/divorced/separated | 59 (30) | 78 (39) | 69 (35) | 46 (23) |
Common language used | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Nyanja | 59 (30) | 65 (33) | 21 (11) | 18 (9) |
   Bemba | 44 (22) | 29 (15) | 20 (10) | 12 (6) |
   Tonga | 28 (14) | 37 (18) | 101 (51) | 103 (51) |
   Lozi | 41 (21) | 33 (17) | 15 (8) | 10 (5) |
   Others | 28 (14) | 36 (17) | 43 (22) | 57 (28) |
Educational level | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Never attended school | 11 (6) | 18 (9) | 10 (5) | 22 (11) |
   Attended/completed primary school | 84 (42) | 87 (44) | 99 (50) | 127 (64) |
   Attended secondary school | 59 (29) | 71 (35) | 69 (34) | 40 (20) |
   Completed secondary school | 36 (18) | 23 (11) | 18 (9) | 6 (3) |
   Attended/completed tertiary education | 10 (5) | 1 (1) | 4 (2) | 5 (2) |
Ability to communicate in English | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Very well | 58 (29) | 27 (14) | 23 (12) | 18 (9) |
   Somewhat | 73 (36) | 88 (43) | 104 (52) | 69 (34) |
   Not able to | 68 (34) | 85 (43) | 73 (37) | 113 (57) |
   Missing | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Respondents' most important economic activity | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Formal employment | 26 (13) | 19 (9) | 26 (13) | 25 (12) |
   Self-employed | 95 (47) | 85 (42) | 114 (57) | 105 (52) |
   Unemployed | 71 (36) | 77 (39) | 47 (24) | 53 (27) |
   Other | 8 (4) | 19 (10) | 13 (6) | 16 (8) |
   Missing | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) |
Self-reported economic status | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Much or somewhat poorer than most | 97 (48) | 133 (66) | 108 (54) | 124 (62) |
   About the same as most | 84 (42) | 61 (30) | 68 (34) | 57 (28) |
   Somewhat or much wealthier than most | 18 (9) | 5 (2) | 24 (12) | 18 (9) |
   Missing | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) |
Health-seeking decisions made primarily by: | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Self | 100 (50) | 96 (48) | 114 (57) | 127 (63) |
   Parents | 32 (16) | 25 (13) | 31 (15) | 17 (9) |
   Spouse | 31 (16) | 24 (12) | 36 (18) | 43 (21) |
   Others | 37 (18) | 55 (27) | 19 (10) | 12 (6) |
   Missing | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) |
Primary source of money for buying household food | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Respondent (self) | 110 (55) | 102 (51) | 125 (62) | 127 (63) |
   Parents | 17 (8) | 13 (6) | 25 (13) | 5 (2) |
   Spouse | 46 (23) | 35 (18) | 39 (20) | 58 (29) |
   Other | 27 (14) | 50 (25) | 11 (5) | 9 (5) |
   Missing | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) |
Frequency of going without a meal | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Usually/always | 54 (27) | 14 (7) | 28 (14) | 31 (15) |
   Sometimes | 114 (57) | 133 (66) | 109 (55) | 92 (46) |
   Seldom/almost never | 32 (16) | 53 (27) | 63 (32) | 76 (38) |
   Missing | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) |
Household source of drinking water | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Tap inside the house | 13 (7) | 5 (2) | 2 (1) | 6 (3) |
   Own tap outside the house | 73 (37) | 70 (35) | 8 (4) | 12 (6) |
   Shared community source | 111 (56) | 124 (62) | 186 (94) | 176 (88) |
   Other | 3 (2) | 1 (0) | 4 (2) | 5 (2) |
   Missing | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) |
Type of sanitary facility | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Flush toilet | 64 (32) | 37 (18) | 5 (3) | 4 (2) |
   Traditional pit latrine | 111 (56) | 116 (58) | 161 (81) | 114 (57) |
   Ventilated improved pit latrine | 12 (6) | 22 (11) | 3 (2) | 0 (0) |
   None | 13 (7) | 25 (13) | 31 (16) | 80 (40) |
   Missing | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (1) |
Households reported to have or own | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Electricity | 97 (49) | 47 (24) | 10 (5) | 11(5) |
   Cellular phone | 144 (72) | 99 (50) | 79 (40) | 56 (28) |
   Radio | 135 (68) | 94 (47) | 125 (63) | 96 (48) |
   Television | 115 (58) | 77 (39) | 24 (12) | 30 (15) |