Table 3 Relationship between missing an HIV treatment visit in the first six months of ART and poor CD4 response and failure to suppress viral load in Johannesburg, South Africa (n = 4476)

Missed visit status

   1 vs. 0

1.02 (0.88-1.19)

1.02 (0.87-1.18)

1.15 (1.00-1.33)

1.12 (0.98-1.29)

   2 vs. 0

1.36 (0.99-1.85)

1.33 (0.98-1.80)

1.22 (0.90-1.65)

1.19 (0.89-1.61)

   ≥ 3 vs. 0

1.24 (0.37-4.14)

1.62 (0.49-5.34)

2.11 (1.91-3.74)

2.27 (1.35-3.83)

Age at initiation

   18-24.9 vs. ≥50

0.46 (0.31-0.69)

0.52 (0.35-0.78)

0.46 (0.31-0.69)

0.52 (0.34-0.77)

   25-29.9 vs. ≥50

0.56 (0.43-0.72)

0.62 (0.48-0.79)

0.56 (0.43-0.72)

0.61 (0.48-0.79)

   30-39.9 vs. ≥50

0.69 (0.57-0.83)

0.73 (0.61-0.88)

0.69 (0.57-0.83)

0.73 (0.60-0.88)

   40-49.9 vs. ≥50

0.82 (0.67-1.01)

0.84 (0.69-1.02)

0.82 (0.67-1.01)

0.83 (0.68-1.02)

Baseline CD4 count (cells/mm³)

   51-100 vs. 100-200

0.76 (0.65-0.89)

0.76 (0.65-0.89)

0.76 (0.65-0.89)

0.77 (0.64-0.88)

   0-50 vs. 100-200

0.68 (0.59-0.78)

0.68 (0.59-0.79)

0.68 (0.59-0.78)

0.68 (0.60-0.79)

Baseline NRTI

   AZT vs. d4T

1.41 (0.80-2.49)

1.42 (0.81-2.50)

1.41 (0.80-2.49)

1.46 (0.83-2.57)

Baseline NNRTI

   NVP vs. EFV

0.84 (0.66-1.08)

0.92 (0.72-1.18)

0.84 (0.66-1.08)

0.93 (0.73-1.19)

Sex

   Male vs. female

1.40 (1.24-1.58)

1.33 (1.18-1.51)

1.40 (1.24-1.58)

1.32 (1.17-1.50)

Missed visit status

   1 vs. 0

1.15 (0.89-1.50)

1.19 (0.89-1.51)

1.24 (0.97-1.58)

1.23 (0.96-1.57)

   2 vs. 0

2.09 (1.33-3.29)

1.93 (1.12-3.32)

2.18 (1.47-3.24)

2.28 (1.54-3.36)

   ≥ 3 vs. 0

4.35 (1.71-11.0)

5.75 (2.97-11.1)

3.19 (1.34-7.58)

3.00 (1.28-7.06)

Age at initiation

   18-24.9 vs. ≥50

1.64 (0.98-2.74)

1.55 (0.90-2.73)

1.64 (0.98-2.74)

1.41 (0.83-2.38)

   25-29.9 vs. ≥50

1.13 (0.73-1.77)

1.01 (0.62-1.64)

1.13 (0.73-1.77)

0.96 (0.61-1.52)

   30-39.9 vs. ≥50

0.98 (0.66-1.46)

0.99 (0.65-1.50)

0.98 (0.66-1.46)

0.92 (0.62-1.36)

   40-49.9 vs. ≥50

0.92 (0.60-1.40)

0.93 (0.58-1.47)

0.92 (0.60-1.40)

0.85 (0.56-1.31)

Baseline CD4 count (cells/mm³)

   51-100 vs. 100-200

0.97 (0.74-1.20)

0.96 (0.70-1.30)

0.97 (0.74-1.20)

0.99 (0.75-1.30)

   0-50 vs. 100-200

0.93 (0.74-1.29)

0.94 (0.72-1.24)

0.93 (0.74-1.29)

0.92 (0.72-1.19)

Baseline NRTI

   AZT vs. d4T

1.41 (0.80-2.49)

1.69 (0.93-3.05)

1.41 (0.80-2.49)

1.60 (0.93-2.75)

Baseline NNRTI

   NVP vs. EFV

0.79 (0.56-1.12)

1.12 (0.75-1.67)

0.79 (0.56-1.12)

1.22 (0.86-1.73)

Sex

   Male vs. female

0.81 (0.65-1.01)

0.80 (0.60-1.04)

0.81 (0.65-1.01)

0.85 (0.67-1.07)