Clinical presentation and aetiologies of acute or complicated headache among HIV-seropositive patients in a Ugandan clinic

Table 5 Features associated with any serious conditions (cryptococcal meningitis, cerebral toxoplasmosis or tuberculous meningitis)

	Cryptococcal meningitis		Serious condition
	Odds ratio (95% CI)	p-value	Odds ratio (95% CI)	p-value
Sex (male)	3.4 (1.4, 9.0)	0.011	4.0 (1.6, 10.3)	0.003
CD4
<50	47.3 (8.6, 901)	< 0.001	9.4 (2.6, 46.4)	0.002
50-199	23.5 (4.1, 454)	0.004	7.5 (2.0, 37.4)	0.006
≥200	1 (Ref.)		1 (Ref.)
Change in position worsens headache	21.4 (3.9, 407)	0.005	6.3 (1.9, 26.0)	0.005
Neck stiffness	9.2 (1.8, 82.8)	0.019	32.2 (4.2, 719)	0.004
WHO stage
I & II			1 (Ref.)
III	?	?	4.2 (1.0, 24.4)	0.066
IV	?	?	6.5 (1.6, 37.6)	0.016

Note: Odds ratios, confidence intervals (95% CI) and p-values calculated from multivariate logistic regression model. All variables included in the final multivariate model are shown. Variables considered in the step-wise procedure were: gender, headache location (Cryptococcal meningitis only), WHO stage, CD4 cell count, change in head position worsens headache, neck stiffness, Kernig's sign and papilloedema.