Short-term risk of anaemia following initiation of combination antiretroviral treatment in HIV-infected patients in countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia-Pacific, and central and South America

Zhou, Jialun; Jaquet, Antoine; Bissagnene, Emmanuel; Musick, Beverly; Wools-Kaloustian, Kara; Maxwell, Nicola; Boulle, Andrew; Wehbe, Firas; Masys, Daniel; Iriondo-Perez, Jeniffer; Hemingway-Foday, Jay; Law, Matthew

doi:10.1186/1758-2652-15-5

Journal of the International AIDS Society

Table 2 Risk of anaemia (< 10 g/dL) within 12 months after ART initiation among patients with normal haemoglobin (> = 10 g/dL)

From: Short-term risk of anaemia following initiation of combination antiretroviral treatment in HIV-infected patients in countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia-Pacific, and central and South America

	No.	Follow up	No.	Rate	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	patients	(years)	Anaemia	(/100pys)	HR	p value	HR (95% CI)	p value
Total	13445	11893	1373	11.5
IeDEA region (analyses were stratified by IeDEA region)
Western Africa	4057	3361	612	18.2
Eastern Africa	5142	4825	320	6.6
Southern Africa	2257	2035	197	9.7
Central Africa	304	214	49	22.9
Asia-Pacific	1317	1156	136	11.8
Central & South America	368	302	59	19.5
Gender
Male	6000	5344	471	8.8	reference		reference
Female	7445	6549	902	13.8	1.65	< 0.001	1.33 (1.18, 1.50)	< 0.001
Age (years, at initiation)
< = 30	2668	2342	328	14.0	reference		reference
31~40	5697	5053	577	11.4	0.84	0.014	0.96 (0.83, 1.10)	0.532
41+	4964	4420	455	10.3	0.78	0.001	0.96 (0.83, 1.11)	0.583
Missing	96	78	13	16.7	1.10	0.739	1.16 (0.64, 2.10)	0.622
Baseline haemoglobin (g/dL)
13+	3826	3552	136	3.8	reference		reference
12 to < 13	2726	2485	160	6.4	1.67	< 0.001	1.51 (1.19, 1.90)	0.001
11 to < 12	3389	2961	398	13.4	3.46	< 0.001	2.96 (2.42, 3.62)	< 0.001
10 to < 11	3504	2895	679	23.4	5.95	< 0.001	4.94 (4.06, 6.01)	< 0.001
CD4 count at initiation (cells/mm³, within 90 days before initiation)
101+	7138	6408	598	9.3	reference		reference
51~100	2224	1986	218	11.0	1.18	0.037	1.24 (1.06, 1.45)	0.007
< = 50	3187	2753	417	15.1	1.62	< 0.001	1.65 (1.45, 1.87)	< 0.001
Not available	896	746	140	18.8	1.99	< 0.001	1.71 (1.41, 2.08)	< 0.001
Disease stage: CDC 3 or WHO 4
No	8775	7930	761	9.5	reference		reference
Yes	2263	1882	350	17.9	1.54	< 0.001	1.30 (1.13, 1.50)	< 0.001
Not known	2407	2081	262	12.6	0.80	0.005	0.86 (0.73, 1.00)	0.057
Tuberculosis co-infection
No	10958	9721	1098	11.3	reference		reference
Yes	2487	2172	275	12.7	1.20	0.013	0.95 (0.81, 1.10)	0.496
Initial ARV combination containing AZT
No	9760	8988	716	8.0	reference		reference
Yes	3685	2905	657	22.6	12.43	< 0.001	2.51 (2.22, 2.83)	< 0.001
Initial ARV combination containing d4T
No	3906	3093	677	21.9	reference		reference
Yes	9539	8800	696	7.9	0.47	< 0.001	0.82 (0.54, 1.25)	0.356
Use of TMP-SMX
No/Not known	7330	6481	706	10.9	reference		reference
Yes	6115	5412	667	12.3	1.14	0.032	1.01 (0.89, 1.14)	0.929

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