Skip to main content

Table 2 Comparison of selected characteristics among mothers tested for HIV-1 antenatally and those not tested

From: Uptake of prevention of mother to child transmission interventions in Kenya: health systems are more influential than stigma

 

Antenatal HIV testing (n = 2663)

Characteristics

Not tested

% mean

(95% CI)

210 (7.9%)

Tested

% mean

(95% CI)

2453 (92.1%)

P value

Socio-demographic and obstetrics

   

Age

23.2 (5.4)

24.0 (5.0)

0.039

Education lower than secondary level

179 (85.2%)

1836 (74.9%)

0.001

Married (n = 2629)

163 (79.5%)

2102 (86.7%)

0.004

Unemployed (n = 2661)

156 (74.3%)

1712 (69.9%)

0.177

Primiparous

73 (34.8%)

905 (36.9%)

0.539

Home delivery (n = 2662)

114 (54.3%)

620 (25.3%)

< 0.001

Economic

   

Monthly rent in US$ (n = 2159)

18.6 (12.5)

22.8 (14.8)

< 0.001

Own TV (n = 2663)

67 (31.9%)

1131 (46.1%)

< 0.001

   Gas cooker (n = 2663)

10 (4.8%)

255 (10.4%)

0.009

Stigma measures

Fear of casual transmission (n = 2660)

   

Not buy food from PLHIV* not visibly sick

49 (23.4%)

502 (20.5%)

0.310

Not buy food from PLHIV* visibly sick

110 (52.6%)

1125 (45.9%)

0.061

Internal stigma

   

HIV is punishment for bad behaviour (n = 2582)

115 (56.9%)

1225 (51.5%)

0.136

People with HIV should be ashamed (n = 2608)

25 (12.2%)

336 (14.0%)

0.477

Enacted sigma

   

Abandoned by spouse/partner (n = 2512)

96 (49.0%)

1142 (49.3%)

0.929

Disclosure

   

Disclosed HIV status to partner

2169 (94%)

-

 

Region (n = 2663)

   

Nyanza (western Kenya)

99 (47.1%)

789 (32.2%)

< 0.001

  1. * PLHIV - people/person living with HIV/AIDS