Activation and maturation of peripheral blood T cells in HIV-1-infected and HIV-1-uninfected adults in Burkina Faso: a cross-sectional study

Table 1 Comparison of clinical and immunological parameters between HIV-1-infected and healthy adults living in Burkina Faso

	Nouna (rural)		p	Ouagadougou (urban)		p
	Patients	Controls		Patients	Controls
n =	61	26	-	137	63	-
Female [n = ; (%)]	44 (72%)	16 (61%)	<0.0001	98 (72%)^c	25 (40%)*	<0.0001
Age [years; median, range]	35 (30-43)	27 (19-35)	<0.0001	35 (23-48)	28 (20-35)	<0.0001
HIV-1 plasma viral load (log₁₀ copies ml^-1]	5.8 (4.6-6.6) [n = 61]	n.d.	-	5.4 (4.0-6.2)^b [n = 125]	n.d.	-
CD4⁺ T cell count [μl^-1]	174 (33-314)	n.d.	-	256 (118-387)^b	n.d.	-
CDC-stage A [n = ; (%)]	01 (02%)	n.d.	-	22 (16%)^c	n.d.	-
CDC-stage B [n = ; (%)]	23 (38%)	n.d.	-	55 (40%)^c	n.d.	-
CDC-stage C [n = ; (%)]	37 (60%)	n.d.	-	60 (44%)^c	n.d.	-

All patients were "treatment-naïve", i.e., without known or reported previous exposure to single or combined antiretroviral drugs or highly active antiretroviral combination therapy (HAART). If not otherwise indicated, median values are shown with 10^th and 90^th percentiles in parentheses. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare patients and controls in the rural and urban setting, as well as patients in the rural and urban setting and controls in the rural and the urban setting separately.
Abbreviations: p - p value for the difference between patients and controls; CDC - Centers of Disease Control and Prevention immunologic staging; n.d. - not done
^ap <0.05, ^bp <0.001, ^cp <0.001 indicating statistically significant differences between HIV-1 infected subjects in Ouagadougou (urban) and HIV-1 infected subjects from Nouna (rural)
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001, indicating statistically significant differences between healthy controls in Ouagadougou (urban) and healthy controls in Nouna (rural)