Association between HIV replication and serum leptin levels: an observational study of a cohort of HIV-1-infected South African women

Azzoni, Livio; Crowther, Nigel J; Firnhaber, Cynthia; Foulkes, Andrea S; Yin, Xiangfan; Glencross, Deborah; Gross, Robert; Kaplan, Mitch D; Papasavvas, Emmanouil; Schulze, Doreen; Stevens, Wendy; van der Merwe, Tessa; Waisberg, Rita; Sanne, Ian; Montaner, Luis J

doi:10.1186/1758-2652-13-33

Journal of the International AIDS Society

Table 1 Expression of metabolic, anthropometric and immunologic markers in high and low viral load subjects

From: Association between HIV replication and serum leptin levels: an observational study of a cohort of HIV-1-infected South African women

		All subjects (n = 83)			VL ≥ median (n = 42)			VL < median (n = 41)
Variables	Units	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	unadjusted p *	FDR q**
Age	years	83	34.5	8.2	42	34.7	8.4	41	34.3	8.2	0.85	0.86
log₁₀VL	c/ml	83	4.5	0.8	42	5.2	0.3	41	3.9	0.6	n/a	n/a
Immunology markers:
CD4+ T cell count	cells/mm³	83	260.8	53.9	42	249.0	50.7	41	272.9	54.9	0.04	0.14
CD8+ T cell count	cells/mm³	59	814.0	484.0	29	874.6	560.8	30	755.4	397.1	0.35	0.51
% CD38⁺ CD4+ T cells	% of CD4	60	75.5	11.3	30	79.0	9.0	30	72.0	12.3	0.02	0.1
% CD38+ CD8+ T cells	% of CD8	60	87.0	11.2	30	91.1	7.8	30	82.8	12.6	0.0034	0.1
% HLA-DR+ CD4⁺ T cells	% of CD4	60	26.25	9.71	30	29.5	10.04	30	23.0	8.3	0.0090	0.1
% HLA-DR+ CD8⁺ T cells	% of CD8	60	56.4	14.3	30	59.6	14.6	30	53.2	13.4	0.08	0.1
% CD95+ CD4+ T cells	% of CD4	60	78.5	10.9	30	80.6	10.9	30	76.4	10.6	0.13	0.28
% CD95+ CD8+ T cells	% of CD8	60	60.6	7.2	30	60.4	6.1	30	60.8	8.3	0.84	0.86
% CD28+ CD4⁺+T cells	% of CD4	60	80.7	11.1	30	80.1	10.7	30	81.2	11.7	0.70	0.82
% CD28+ CD8+ T cells	% of CD8	60	30.8	9.3	30	30.3	9.7	30	31.3	9.1	0.68	0.82
Total NK cells	cells/mm³	59	12.9	10.2	29	14.4	12.9	30	11.5	6.6	0.28	0.46
% CD56+/CD16+ cells	% of NK	60	54.9	20.1	30	50.4	18.8	30	59.4	20.6	0.08	0.1
% CD56+/CD16^- NK cells	% of NK	60	22.1	16.2	30	23.4	17.6	30	20.9	14.9	0.55	0.74
% HLA-DR⁺ total NK cells	% of NK	60	19.9	16.8	30	22.2	17.9	30	17.6	15.6	0.29	0.46
% HLA-DR+ CD56+/CD16+ NK cells	% of NK	60	23.0	20.8	30	26.2	22.7	30	19.7	18.6	0.23	0.4
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells	cells/mm³	58	0.2	0.1	28	0.1	0.1	30	0.2	0.1	0.18	0.37
Myeloid dendritic cells	cells/mm³	59	0.5	0.8	29	0.5	0.6	30	0.5	1.0	0.86	0.86
Adipose tissue-associated variables:
Body mass index (BMI)	kg/m²	82	27.4	7.1	41	25.6	6.4	41	29.2	7.4	0.02	0.1
Waist circumference	cm	83	83.9	14.9	42	80.2	13.4	41	87.6	15.5	0.02	0.1
Subcutaneous abdominal fat (MRI)	cm²	81	338.8	195.9	42	294.2	185.9	39	386.9	197.3	0.03	0.12
Visceral abdominal fat (MRI)	cm²	81	51.5	30.4	42	47.3	28.8	39	56.1	31.9	0.20	0.37
Perirenal hilar fat (MRI)	cm²	81	5.7	3.1	42	5.5	3.4	39	6.0	2.8	0.40	0.56
Total fat mass (DEXA)	kg	80	26.2	12.2	41	24.1	11.9	39	28.5	12.2	0.11	0.28
Total lean mass (DEXA)	kg	80	40.9	5.9	41	39.8	54.4	39	42.1	6.1	0.09	0.26
Leg fat mass (DEXA)	kg	80	11.6	5.6	41	10.8	4.5	39	12.5	6.5	0.20	0.37
Trunk fat mass (DEXA)	kg	80	10.4	6.1	41	9.4	6	39	11.5	6	0.03	0.12
Weight	kg	83	70.2	17.9	42	67.2	17.1	41	73.2	18.3	0.12	0.28
Reported weight loss	% true	83	38	n/a	42	40	n/a	41	36.7	n/a	0.86***	0.86
Leptin	ng/ml	66	28.3	17.6	33	23.4	17.7	33	33.3	16.3	0.02	0.1
Triglycerides	mmol/l	77	0.9	0.4	38	0.9	0.3	39	0.9	0.4	0.57	0.74
LDL-associated cholesterol	mmol/l	77	2.3	0.8	38	2.2	0.6	39	2.3	0.9	0.62	0.78
Free fatty acids	mmol/l	66	0.5	0.2	33	0.5	0.2	33	0.4	0.3	0.31	0.47
Glucose	mmol/l	74	4.3	0.4	37	4.3	0.4	37	4.3	0.4	0.75	0.85
HOMA2-IR	n/a	67	0.9	0.5	32	0.8	0.4	35	1.0	0.6	0.10	0.27

* based on two-sample t-test
** false discovery rate. q values < 0.2 were considered significant
*** Chi square test

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