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Table 1 Overall changes in health indicators in the WHO Africa Region

From: Is there an association between PEPFAR funding and improvement in national health indicators in Africa? A retrospective study

Health indicator

Median fractional change*

p value +

Adult mortality rate

-0.007

(-0.064, 0.069)

0.919

Deaths due to TB, HIV negative

0.008

(-0.087, 0.162)

0.204

Deaths due to TB, HIV positive

0.000

(-0.135, 0.333)

0.112

Incidence of TB

0.137

(-0.028, 0.155)

< 0.001

Infant mortality rate

-0.052

(-0.115, 0.000)

0.002

Life expectancy at birth

-0.016

(-0.035, 0.000)

0.035

Neonates PAB against neonatal tetanus

-0.197

(-0.428, -0.063)

< 0.0001

One year olds immunized with MCV

-0.143

(-0.431, 0.000)

< 0.0001

One year olds immunized with 3 doses of DTP

-0.142

(-0.455, -0.012)

< 0.0001

Population with sustainable access to improved drinking water sources

-0.031

(-0.111, 0.000)

< 0.0001

Populations with sustainable access to improved sanitation

-0.071

(-0.148, 0.000)

< 0.0001

Prevalence of TB

0.046

(-0.074, 0.153)

0.180

TB detection rate under DOTS

0.000

(-0.156, 0.045)

0.111

Under-5 mortality rate

-0.064

(-0.130, 0.000)

0.001

All indicators

0.035

(-0.042, 0.156)

< 0.0001

  1. * Each fractional change is normalized to the reported value in 2000. Values are shown as medians with interquartile ranges (IQRs). The number of countries in the region reporting each health indicator varies from 43 to 46.
  2. + The p value addresses the question of whether the observed fractional change is statistically significantly different than zero, as assessed by the Wilcoxon signed rank test.