Table 1 Univariate analysis of variables associated with viral failure in 496 Ugandans on ART at the Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda

Sex

Male

185 (37%)

171 (38%)

14 (29%)

0.6 (0.3–1.2)

0.18

Female

311 (63%)

276 (62%)

35 (71%)

Referent

Age, median (yrs)

38.4

38.4

37.6

...

0.29*

Mos. on ART, median²

13.0

12.9

14.6

...

0.002*

Non-HAART ever

Yes

8 (2%)

6 (1%)

2 (4%)

3.1 (0.6–15.9)

0.18**

No

488 (98%)

441 (98%)

47 (96%)

Referent

Hx of maternal nevirapine

Yes

7 (1%)

5 (1%)

2 (4%)

3.8 (0.7–19.9)

0.1

No

489 (99%)

442 (99%)

47 (96%)

Referent

Selfpay for ART

Yes

86 (17%)

68 (15%)

18 (37%)

3.2 (1.7–6.1)

0.0002

No

410 (83%)

379 (85%)

31 (63%)

Referent

Missed ART in last 30 days

Yes

62 (12%)

52 (12%)

10 (20%)

1.9 (0.9–4.1)

0.08

No

434 (88%)

395 (88%)

39 (80%)

Referent

Ever missed >2 days

Yes

78 (16%)

55 (12%)

23 (47%)

6.3 (3.4–11.8)

<0.001

No

418 (84%)

392 (88%)

26 (53%)

Referent

OI, new or relapse⁴

Yes

11 (2%)

8 (2%)

3 (6%)

3.6 (0.9–14.0)

0.08**

No

484 (98%)

438 (98%)

46 (94%)

Referent

CD4 gain from baseline¹

138 (N = 417)

138 (N = 380)

146 (N = 37)

...

0.45*

CD4 <100, persistent⁴

Yes

39 (8%)

32 (7%)

7 (14%)

2.2 (0.9–5.2)

0.08

No

457 (92%)

415 (93%)

42 (86%)

Referent

30% fall from max^

Yes

39 (8%)

29 (6%)

10 (21%)

3.8 (1.7–8.4)

<0.001

No

456 (92%)

418 (94%)

38 (79%)

Referent

50% fall from max^,⁴

Yes

12 (2%)

10 (2%)

2 (4%)

1.9 (0.4–8.9)

0.32**

No

483 (98%)

437 (98%)

46 (96%)

Referent

Current CD4 < base^1,4

Yes

25 (6%)

20 (5%)

5 (14%)

2.8 (1.0–8.0)

0.04

No

392 (94%)

360 (95%)

32 (86%)

Any WHO CD4 criteria

Yes

66 (13%)

55 (12%)

11 (22%)

2.1 (1.0–4.3)

0.047

No

430 (86%)

392 (88%)

38 (78%)

Any WHO CD4/OI criteria

Yes

74 (15%)

62 (14%)

12 (24%)

2.0 (1.0–4.1)

0.048

No

422 (85%)

385 (86%)

37 (76%)