Clinical presentation and aetiologies of acute or complicated headache among HIV-seropositive patients in a Ugandan clinic

Table 4 Clinical features associated with the main diagnoses (number of patients by characteristic and main diagnosis)

	CM (N = 50)	Sinusitis (N = 56)	Toxoplasmosis (N = 7)	TBM (N = 7)	Other (N = 32)	Unknown (N = 28)
*Gender*
Male	20	4	4	3	8	12
Female	29	52	3	4	24	16
p-value	0.040	< 0.001	0.103	0.408	0.829	0.073
*Location of headache* :
Frontal	13	34	1	5	6	9
Temporal	4	5	2	1	8	7
Occipital	5	2	0	0	2	0
Vertex	0	2	0	0	0	0
Generalised	27	12	4	1	15	10
p-value	0.008	< 0.001	0.461	0.392	0.077	0.400
*Headache duration:*
0-13 days	25	32	4	4	14	13
14-27 days	12	9	1	1	15	7
>28 days	12	15	2	2	3	8
p-value	1.000	0.163	0.888	0.888	0.006	0.712
*WHO stage* :
I or II	3	17	0	0	9	9
III	16	24	2	4	15	12
IV	30	14	5	3	8	6
p-value	< 0.001	0.041	0.129	0.480	0.240	0.133
*CD4 count:*
<50	31	11	1	2	14	8
50-199	15	18	3	3	6	6
≥ 200	1	24	1	2	11	13
p-value	< 0.001	0.001	0.451	0.801	0.376	0.115
*Workup classification:*
Focal/febrile	1	0	0	0	1	1
Non-focal/febrile	5	5	1	0	7	1
Focal/afebrile	3	0	4	1	3	0
Non-focal/afebrile	39	50	2	6	21	26
p-value	1.000	0.048	< 0.001	0.550	0.040	0.182
*Change in head position worsens headache:*
No	2	12	3	1	9	10
Yes	47	42	4	6	22	18
p-value	< 0.001	0.842	0.162	1.000	0.232	0.046
*Meningeal signs and/or raised intracranial pressure:*
Neck stiffness	10	0	0	2	1	0
p-value	< 0.001	0.010	1.000	0.084	0.468	0.222
Positive Kernig's sign	6	0	0	1	1	1
p-value	0.015	0.059	1.000	0.311	1.000	1.000
Papilloedema	7	1	0	1	0	1
p-value	0.005	0.175	1.000	0.277	0.210	1.000
*New onset headache* :
No	3	5	1	0	1	0
Yes	46	49	6	7	30	26
p-value	1.000	0.288	0.344	1.000	1.000	0.362
*Worst headache in patient's lifetime* :
No	11	16	1	1	6	8
Yes	38	39	6	6	26	20
p-value	0.846	0.345	1.000	1.000	0.501	0.631

See note for Table 2 for numbers of patients with missing data.
P-values from Fisher's Exact test comparing those with and without the diagnosis by possible predictor.
CM: Cryptococcal meningitis; TBM: Tuberculous meningitis.