Table 1 Demographics and maternal health status in women exposed and unexposed to antiretroviral treatment and by duration of exposure

Demographics

Maternal age

N = 180

N = 1372

N = 540

N = 426

mean years (SD)

28.9 (5.1)

30.3 (5.1)

<0.001

30.6 (5.1)

30.1 (5.2)

0.18

Substance use

Smoked in pregnancy

N = 140

N = 777

N = 314

N = 312

n (%)

6 (4)

28 (4)

0.69

15 (5)

7 (2)

0.085

Alcohol use in pregnancy

N = 144

N = 782

N = 317

N = 315

n (%)

7 (5)

29 (4)

0.51

15 (5)

7 (2)

0.085

Immune status

CD4 count cells/mm³ n (%)

N = 233

N = 1397

N = 553

N = 427

0-49

5 (2)

124 (9)

59 (11)

28 (7)

50-99

29 (12)

216 (15)

91 (16)

62 (15)

100-149

35 (15)

325 (23)

122 (22)

108 (25)

150-199

64 (27)

412 (29)

156 (28)

136 (32)

200-250

100 (43)

320 (23)

<0.001

125 (23)

93 (22)

0.12

median CD4 cell count

191

154

152

155

IQR

136-220

101-195

<0.001

93-195

108-194

0.12

Health status

Hypertension*

N = 145

N = 928

N = 410

N = 431

n (%)

18 (12)

93 (10)

0.38

41 (10)

27 (8)

0.32

Diabetes**

N = 147

N = 932

N = 410

N = 344

n (%)

1 (1)

3 (0)

0.51

1 (0)

2 (1)

0.46

Haemoglobin (Hb)

N = 100

N = 912

N = 312

N = 286

Hb <11 gm/dl, n (%)

57 (57)

416 (46)

0.03

129 (41)

140 (49)

0.062

Median Hb gm/dl

10.7

11.1

11.3

11.0

IQR

9.8-11.5

9.9 -11.9

0.019

10.1-12.1

9.9-11.8

0.007

Syphilis serology n (%)

N = 137

N = 864

N = 273

N = 339

positive RPR

3 (2)

35 (4)

0.29

11 (4)

11 (3)

0.60

Reproductive health

Gravidity n (%)

N = 204

N = 954

N = 413

N = 354

1

30 (15)

126 (13)

51 (12)

57 (16)

2

83 (41)

351 (37)

142 (34)

140 (40)

3

59 (29)

292 (31)

131 (32)

98 (28)

≥4

32 (16)

185 (19)

0.50

89 (22)

59 (17)

0.083

median

2

2

3

2

IQR

2-3

2-3

0.13

2-3

2-3

0.010

Previous miscarriage***

N = 146

N = 766

N = 313

N = 310

n (%)

27 (18)

130 (17)

0.66

70 (22)

38 (12)

0.001

Previous preterm infant***

N = 148

N = 621

N = 231

N = 281

n (%)

16 (11)

39 (6)

0.055

13 (6)

18 (6)

0.71